In the context of genetics, what does the term 'mutation' refer to?

The term 'mutation' specifically refers to a change in the structure of DNA. Mutations can arise from several processes, including errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation, or chemical influences. These alterations can affect a single nucleotide or larger segments of DNA, leading to changes in the genetic code and potentially influencing the traits expressed by the organism.

Understanding that mutations occur at the molecular level is important, as they form the basis for genetic variation within populations. This genetic variation is crucial for evolution and can impact an organism's survival and reproduction over generations. While changes in physical appearance, enzyme activity, or environmental adaptations may result from mutations, they do not accurately define what a mutation is; instead, these are broader effects or consequences of changes at the DNA level.