What does phenotype refer to in genetics?

Phenotype refers to the observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which result from the interaction of its genotype (the genetic makeup) and the environment. This includes characteristics such as height, eye color, and the presence of specific behavioral traits. The concept of phenotype emphasizes how genes manifest in the form of physical attributes or behaviors, allowing for the differentiation of individuals based on expressed traits.

The understanding of phenotype is critical in genetics because it bridges the gap between the underlying genetic information (genotype) and the visible expressions of that information. This concept is fundamental in fields such as breeding, evolution, and even medicine, where the assessment of traits can lead to insights regarding health and interactions with the environment.