What is a common result of having a nondisjunction disorder?

Nondisjunction disorders occur when chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. When these gametes participate in fertilization, it can lead to offspring with aneuploidy—a condition where there is either an excess or a deficit of chromosomes.

Common examples of nondisjunction disorders include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. These conditions can indeed lead to cognitive impairments, as seen in individuals with Down syndrome, and infertility, which is often a concern for individuals with Turner syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome due to the presence of abnormal sex chromosome compositions.

Other options do not reflect the outcomes typically associated with nondisjunction disorders. For example, inherited disorders from parents generally stem from specific gene mutations rather than chromosomal anomalies due to nondisjunction. Normal karyotype patterns would indicate a typical set of chromosomes, which is contrary to what occurs in nondisjunction disorders. Increased cell division is a process that happens in general growth and healing but does not directly link to the characteristic results of nondisjunction disorders.