What is a cross involving only one trait known as?

A cross involving only one trait is known as a monohybrid cross. In the context of genetics, a monohybrid cross examines the inheritance of a single characteristic, allowing researchers to observe how alleles for that trait segregate and assort independently during gamete formation. This type of cross typically involves two individuals that differ in a single trait, providing clear insights into dominant and recessive allele interactions.

The significance of a monohybrid cross is particularly illustrated in Mendelian genetics, where it reveals foundational principles such as the law of segregation. By analyzing the offspring, one can predict phenotypic ratios of the traits based on parental genotypes, which helps in understanding basic inheritance patterns.

Other types of crosses serve different purposes; for example, a dihybrid cross involves two traits and examines their inheritance simultaneously, while a polygenic cross analyzes traits influenced by multiple genes. A back cross, on the other hand, involves crossing a hybrid organism back to one of its parents or an organism genetically similar to its parent, often used to analyze specific traits in breeding practices. Thus, the focus on a single trait in a monohybrid cross distinguishes it from these other genetic crossing methods.