What is a hybrid in genetics?

In genetics, a hybrid refers to an individual that carries two different alleles for a specific gene—one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This combination results in the expression of the dominant trait, while the recessive trait is masked. For example, if we consider a gene that controls flower color where purple is dominant (P) and white is recessive (p), a hybrid individual with a genotype of Pp will exhibit the purple flower color.

The concept of hybrids is crucial in understanding inheritance patterns as it explains how traits are passed down through generations. When hybrids are crossed, they can produce offspring that may show a combination of traits, illustrating principles such as dominance and segregation as outlined in Mendelian genetics. This understanding lays a foundation for predicting genetic outcomes in breeding experiments and in nature.