What is a Punnett square used for in genetics?

A Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible allele combinations that can result from a genetic cross between two organisms. It visually represents how alleles from each parent combine to form offspring genotypes. By laying out the alleles from each parent along the top and side of a grid, the squares within the grid indicate all the potential genetic combinations that can arise, which helps in understanding inheritance patterns for specific traits.

This method allows geneticists to determine the probability of an offspring inheriting particular alleles, thereby elucidating inheritance patterns such as dominant and recessive traits. The visual layout of the Punnett square thus makes it easier to see how different genetic outcomes can arise from a specific mating, providing critical insight into the basic principles of heredity.