What is defined as the type of reproduction where two organisms contribute genes to produce a new offspring?

The correct answer is based on the process that involves the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms to create offspring with a unique genetic makeup. In sexual reproduction, organisms typically contribute half of their genetic material—one set of genes—from each parent, resulting in offspring that have a mix of traits from both parents. This genetic diversity is crucial for evolution and adaptation in species.

In contrast, asexual reproduction involves only one organism or cell dividing to create offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Binary fission is a specific type of asexual reproduction seen in single-celled organisms, where the organism divides into two equal parts. Fragmentation is another form of asexual reproduction, where an organism breaks into distinct pieces, each capable of growing into a new individual. None of these processes involve the combination of genetic material from two different organisms, which is the hallmark of sexual reproduction.