What is the primary process called that allows for cell reproduction?

Cell division is the primary process that enables cell reproduction. This process encompasses the mechanisms by which a cell divides to form new daughter cells, ensuring that genetic material is accurately distributed between the two new cells.

Specifically, cell division occurs through two main types: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is responsible for somatic cell replication, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis leads to the formation of gametes for sexual reproduction, producing four genetically diverse cells.

While chromosome duplication and DNA replication are crucial components of cell division, as they ensure that each daughter cell receives the correct amount of genetic material, they are not the standalone processes that represent reproduction itself. Gene expression involves the process of converting DNA into functional products like proteins, which is essential for cellular function and identity but does not directly pertain to the mechanism of cell reproduction. Therefore, cell division serves as the overarching process through which cells reproduce.